What are dysgenetic testes?

What are dysgenetic testes?

Dysgenetic testis is the characteristic gonad of genetically and phenotypically male patients with a defect in the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) system.

What are some effects of testicular dysgenesis syndrome that have been observed in human populations?

Growing evidence from clinical observations of individual patients and from larger epidemiological studies indicates a synchronized increase in the incidence of male reproductive problems, such as testicular cancer, genital abnormalities, reduced semen quality and subfertility.

What causes testicular dysgenesis syndrome?

Environmental. Exposure of a male fetus to substances that disrupt hormone systems, particularly chemicals that inhibit the action of androgens (male sex hormones) during the development of the reproductive system, has been shown to cause many of the characteristic TDS disorders.

What are streak gonads?

Streak gonads are a form of aplasia, resulting in hormonal failure that manifests as sexual infantism and infertility, with no initiation of puberty and secondary sex characteristics.

Is testicular dysgenesis syndrome a genetic endocrine or environmental disease or an unexplained reproductive disorder?

Although TDS might result from genetic polymorphisms or aberration, recent evidence has highlighted links indicating the conditions associations to both environmental and lifestyle factors due to the rapid temporal changes in the clinical symptoms observed over recent decades.

What is testicular retraction?

Testicular retraction is a condition in which a testicle descends normally into the scrotum, but can be pulled up with an involuntary muscle contraction into the groin. This condition is different from undescended testicles, which occurs when one or both of the testicles have not lowered into the scrotum permanently.

What is testicular dysgenesis syndrome?

Testicular dysgenesis syndrome is a male reproduction-related condition characterized by the presence of symptoms and disorders such as hypospadias, cryptorchidism, poor semen quality, and testicular cancer .

What is gonadal dysgenesis?

Gonads that are characterized as normal testis, ovotestis, dysgenetic testis, or streak. Based on the particular features seen in any given individual, the clinical diagnosis may be designated as 46,XY disorder of sex development (DSD) or 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis (CGD).

What is dysgenetic male pseudohermaphroditism?

Dysgenetic male pseudohermaphroditism is a disorder of sexual differentiation characterized by bilateral dysgenetic testes or streak testis, persistent müllerian structures, and cryptorchidism.

What are the fetal origins of testicular dysplasia (TDs)?

The fetal origins of TDS are reinforced by the high incidence of TDS disorders found occurring together in one individual. Many genes have been implicated in the disorders of TDS, with genome wide association studies (GWAS) regularly identifying new gene variants that play a role in abnormal testes development.